Level 3 Certificate
All Level 2 content:
- Stripping Out: Cope stones laid in line approximately 2 metres from wall. Cover stones and throughbands laid next tothem. Building stones and packing placed both sides of wall. Foundation stones laid on top of building stones. Clearspace, free of stones both sides of the wall.
- Preparing and Laying Foundations: Foundation dug out and levelled. Foundation stones reaching as far into centre of wall as possible. Extra-large stones should be in the foundations. Foundation well-packed with hearting stones.
- Building and Packing: Stones laid tight together with good contact between stones. Stones laid “end in” and “end out”.No running joints further than two rows of stones. Coursing of stones if applicable and a definite line for throughbands, appropriate to wall height (usually mid-height but note regional variations). Good use of hearting, thoroughly packedin, and not thrown in. Tight wall with no loose stone. A definite line at coverband or cope height. The bigger the stones,the further down the wall they should be placed.
- Placing of Throughbands: Laid at approximately one metre intervals. Check they are lying solidly on the wall. Shouldprotrude 50-80mm on either side of wall (but note regional variations).
- Straightness of Line & Batter: Wall should come in evenly. Absence of bulges or hollows in the wall. Correct useof frame or pins to set batter. Correct use of lines: taut, level, correct width. Covers run evenly.
- Copestones and Finish: Stones should sit solid on their own base rather than propped up on pinnings. Vertical, tighttogether, well keyed to give a level finish (some regions have copestones on the slant, other regions have variations which should be observed, eg turf underneath copes). Minimum pinning, which should be neat and blendinto wall.
- Cheekend: Stones well tied-back into wall. Good selection of corner stones, well tied back into body of the wall. Norunning joints in face or where tied into the wall. A good solid end cope stone. Work from cheekend back into the wall.
Additional for Level 3 Certificate
Guidance sheets for Level 3 features, including calculation of slope can be found on the DSWA website – www.dswa.org.uk.
- Curve: Wall with definite curve (refer to guidance sheets). Smooth curve with even batter inside and outside. Buildingstones should be tight. Copestones must fit tightly.
- Lunky or Waterpen: At least 500mm x 500mm. Corners tied well back into wall. Selection of suitable stones.Covers (lintel) long enough to extend well into the wall either side.
- High Wall: Base width in proportion to height. Correct number of throughstone courses for height. Multiple rows ofthroughs to be staggered. Even batter throughout. Safe working practices, particularly when lifting copes.
- Sloping Ground: A slope of approximately 20 degrees for the Level 3 certificate and 30 degrees for the Master Craftsman certificate must be used. Foundations should be stepped at appropriate intervals. Copes must be self- supporting. Throughbands should be horizontal and at equidistant height above foundations. Courses should behorizontal. Examiners will check minimum degree of slope.
- Retaining Wall: Careful stripping out to avoid earth falls. Width of base and batter appropriate to height and material being retained. Building stones laid lengthways into wall. Careful packing back to earth face. Throughbands as long aspossible and cut back into earth bank. Use of additional rows of throughbands related to height. Retaining bank must be a minimum of 1.2m in height, measured from the base of foundations; the wall should be retaining to the base of copes.
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